1. Develop and implement comprehensive, evidence-based, multi-level interventions for KP: This study identified key gaps in HIV-related knowledge, behaviors, and access to services for KP. However, it also identified overarching structural constraints to accessing services and engaging in effective HIV prevention. Interventions for KP should be developed and implemented that consider how to address important factors at all levels. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for the prevention and treatment of HIV and STIs among both MSM (WHO, 2011) and FSW (WHO, 2012). These guidelines recommend a combination of evidence-based interventions for MSM and FSW at multiple levels, framed within a strong empowerment and rights-based approach. This approach has been found to be cost-effective in a recent mathematical modeling exercise (Kerrigan, Wirtz, et al., 2013).