he second example of a mycotoxin that is actually produced by endobacteria relates to the cyclopeptides rhizonin A and rhizonin B (Figure 1c). The source of the toxins was a R. microsporus strain recovered from contaminated Mozambican peanuts 24 and 25. Ironically, although these compounds were termed the ‘first mycotoxins from Zygomycota’ around two decades ago, they are actually bacterial metabolites. Both cyclopeptides exhibit severe nonspecific hepatotoxicity and induce acute and chronic failure of the liver in laboratory animals. A wide range of hepatic lesions and 100% lethality was observed in rats