5.5. Methodological lessons
Regarding the methodology, we have confirmed the feasibilityof assessing microeconomic effects of an MPA by comparing twogeographical strata (“within or adjacent to the MPA” vs. “remotefrom the MPA”), on the condition that the exploited ecosystem,the fishing activities, the socio-economic profile of fishing house-holds, the landing and marketing facilities have strong similarities.A relatively data poor environment can be overcome by collectingcross-sectional data, which refers, in our case study, to data col-lected by interviewing fishing households twice over a singleannual cycle.However, one acknowledges that a better comparative assess-ment would have been possible by using longitudinal data, i.e. bythe mean of a survey conducted over a multi-year period (beforeand after the setting up of the MPA) on the same sample of house-holds, both for those located within the MPA and for those locatedoutside the MPA. An econometric technique called “differences-in-differences” can be used to process such longitudinal data andestimate causal relationships (Bertrand et al., 2004). Unfortunately,our case study was no exception: while some ecosystem and socio-economic data has been recorded prior to the MPA’s creation, nodata was collected in the same way and at the same time in the sur-rounding or more distant zones. In that sense one can say that ourmethod, although not ideal, is convenient for the most frequentlyencountered situations.Another limitation should be pointed out: the focus on house-holds having a main fishing activity among the three major ones,which represent as a whole more than two-third of the house-holds listed in the Province, and conversely, the non-inclusion ofthe remaining one-third which brings together the smallest fishingunits. This choice is explained by an emphasis on the assessmentof the impact on the major economic actors in a context of surveyat limited cost.Lastly, since this study focuses on MPAs where important fishingactivity and intensive fishing practices take place (the percentageof trash fish is indeed questionable), we admit that this AMP is ofthe type that must be considered both as a tool for fisheries man-agement and as a tool for conservation. This is a wide and opendebate (FAO, 2011; Garcia et al., 2013).
5.5 วิธีเรียนRegarding the methodology, we have confirmed the feasibilityof assessing microeconomic effects of an MPA by comparing twogeographical strata (“within or adjacent to the MPA” vs. “remotefrom the MPA”), on the condition that the exploited ecosystem,the fishing activities, the socio-economic profile of fishing house-holds, the landing and marketing facilities have strong similarities.A relatively data poor environment can be overcome by collectingcross-sectional data, which refers, in our case study, to data col-lected by interviewing fishing households twice over a singleannual cycle.However, one acknowledges that a better comparative assess-ment would have been possible by using longitudinal data, i.e. bythe mean of a survey conducted over a multi-year period (beforeand after the setting up of the MPA) on the same sample of house-holds, both for those located within the MPA and for those locatedoutside the MPA. An econometric technique called “differences-in-differences” can be used to process such longitudinal data andestimate causal relationships (Bertrand et al., 2004). Unfortunately,our case study was no exception: while some ecosystem and socio-economic data has been recorded prior to the MPA’s creation, nodata was collected in the same way and at the same time in the sur-rounding or more distant zones. In that sense one can say that ourmethod, although not ideal, is convenient for the most frequentlyencountered situations.Another limitation should be pointed out: the focus on house-holds having a main fishing activity among the three major ones,which represent as a whole more than two-third of the house-holds listed in the Province, and conversely, the non-inclusion ofthe remaining one-third which brings together the smallest fishingunits. This choice is explained by an emphasis on the assessmentof the impact on the major economic actors in a context of surveyat limited cost.Lastly, since this study focuses on MPAs where important fishingactivity and intensive fishing practices take place (the percentageof trash fish is indeed questionable), we admit that this AMP is ofthe type that must be considered both as a tool for fisheries man-agement and as a tool for conservation. This is a wide and opendebate (FAO, 2011; Garcia et al., 2013).
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