During World War II, Nazi Germany extracted payments from occupied countries and compelled loans. In addition, countries were obliged to provide resources, and forced labour. German extractions from Greece were over 10 times the cost of the occupation of Greece.[citation needed]
After World War II, according to the Potsdam conference held between July 17 and August 2, 1945, Germany was to pay the Allies US$23 billion mainly in machinery and manufacturing plants. Reparations to the Soviet Union stopped in 1953. In addition, in accordance with the agreed-upon policy of de-industrialisation and pastoralization of Germany, large numbers of civilian factories were dismantled for transport to France and the UK, or simply destroyed.[citation needed] Dismantling in the west stopped in 1950.
In the end, war victims as well as profiteers in many countries were compensated by the property of Germans that were expelled after World War II. Beginning even before the German surrender and continuing for the next two years, the United States pursued a vigorous program of harvesting all technological and scientific know-how as well as all patents and many leading scientists in Germany (known as Operation Paperclip). Historian John Gimbel, in his book Science Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany, states that the "intellectual reparations" taken by the U.S. and the UK amounted to close to $10 billion.[5] German reparations were partly to be in the form of forced labor. By 1947, approximately 4,000,000 German POWs and civilians were used as forced labor (under various headings, such as "reparations labor" or "enforced labor") in the Soviet Union, France, the UK, Belgium and in Germany in U.S run "Military Labor Service Units".
See also: Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, POW labor in the Soviet Union and World War II reparations towards Yugoslavia
Germany paid Israel 3 billion DM in Holocaust reparations, and paid 450 million DM to the World Jewish Congress to compensate survivors in other countries. No reparations were paid to the Roma who were killed during the Holocaust. Some of the estimates of homosexual men and women murdered under the Nazi regime range from 2,000-10,000. Little evidence exists of the numbers of actual homosexuals murdered. Though many homosexual survivors applied for reparations, only one received financial compensation; the presence of many homosexuals in Party organizations such as the S. A. is thought to have had a chilling effect on such claims in post-war Germany.[6]
ในระหว่างสงครามโลก นาซีเยอรมนีแยกชำระเงินจากประเทศที่ครอบครอง และถูกยืม นอกจากนี้ ประเทศถูก obliged ให้ทรัพยากร และบังคับแรงงาน กว่า 10 เท่าทุนของอาชีพของกรีซเยอรมันสกัดจากกรีซได้ [ต้องการอ้างอิง]หลังจากสงครามโลก ตามการประชุมพอทสดัมจัดขึ้นระหว่างวันที่ 17 กรกฎาคมและ 2 สิงหาคม 1945 เยอรมนีได้ชำระพันธมิตร 23 พันล้านเหรียญสหรัฐฯ ส่วนใหญ่ในเครื่องจักรและการผลิตพืช หยุดสงครามกับสหภาพโซเวียตในปีค.ศ. 1953 ตกลงตามข้อกำหนดของ industrialisation ชื่นและ pastoralization ของเยอรมนี โรงงานพลเรือนจำนวนมากถูกรื้อถอนสำหรับการขนส่งให้ฝรั่งเศสและอังกฤษ หรือเพียงแค่ทำลาย [ต้องการอ้างอิง] ทิศตะวันตกวันหยุดในปี 1950In the end, war victims as well as profiteers in many countries were compensated by the property of Germans that were expelled after World War II. Beginning even before the German surrender and continuing for the next two years, the United States pursued a vigorous program of harvesting all technological and scientific know-how as well as all patents and many leading scientists in Germany (known as Operation Paperclip). Historian John Gimbel, in his book Science Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany, states that the "intellectual reparations" taken by the U.S. and the UK amounted to close to $10 billion.[5] German reparations were partly to be in the form of forced labor. By 1947, approximately 4,000,000 German POWs and civilians were used as forced labor (under various headings, such as "reparations labor" or "enforced labor") in the Soviet Union, France, the UK, Belgium and in Germany in U.S run "Military Labor Service Units".See also: Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, POW labor in the Soviet Union and World War II reparations towards YugoslaviaGermany paid Israel 3 billion DM in Holocaust reparations, and paid 450 million DM to the World Jewish Congress to compensate survivors in other countries. No reparations were paid to the Roma who were killed during the Holocaust. Some of the estimates of homosexual men and women murdered under the Nazi regime range from 2,000-10,000. Little evidence exists of the numbers of actual homosexuals murdered. Though many homosexual survivors applied for reparations, only one received financial compensation; the presence of many homosexuals in Party organizations such as the S. A. is thought to have had a chilling effect on such claims in post-war Germany.[6]
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
