While most studies of the duality of individuals and groups focus on rank-and-file activists we can also apply this perspective to relationships between movement leaders eventually extending the analysis to the ties involving members of other sectors of the elites. for example Schmitt-beck explored the connections between central figures in the German peace movement of the 1980s. Data about the overlapping memberships linking core activists of peace movement organizations to members of other political groups documented the strong integration of the movement leadership with churches trade unions university media and other established social and political organizations . on the other hand movement activists who are well connected to external actors may also increase the centrality of their own organizations in their specific movement networks. for example looking at transnational environmental movement organizations. Caniglia found that their centrality and influence in the environmental network depended in no small measure on the extent of their members informal ties to key officials of united nations agencies or other international governmental organizations