Earthworms are small, soft, cylindrical bodied invertebrates that play a vital role in soil ecosystem maintenance. Earthworms are an important organism in the soil doing great service for mankind for millions of years now. A newer branch of biotechnology called ‘Vermiculture Technology’ is emerging by the use of earthworms to solve various environmental problems from waste management to land (soil) improvement. Earthworms when present in soil inevitably work as ‘soil conditioner’ to improve its physical, chemical and biological properties and also its nutritive value for healthy plant growth. This they do by soil fragmentation and aeration, breakdown of organic matter in soil & release of nutrients, secretion of plant growth hormones, proliferation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, increasing biological resistance in crop plants and all these worm activities contribute to improved crop productivity.