Voluntarism vs Determinism : The Human Nature Debate
Are humans determined by their environment, or do they have "free will"
Ideographic vs Nomothetic Theory: The Methodological Debate
Ideographic inquiry focuses on "getting inside" a subject and exploring their detailed background and life history. They involve themselves with people's normal lives, and look at diaries, biographies, observation.
Nomothetic relies more on the scientific method, and hypothesis testing. They use quantitative tests like surveys, personality tests, and standardized research tools.