The load on castings (the restraint force from the sand mold),the contraction of castings, and the permanent deformation in castings were measured using the previously developed measurement device.
The methods to obtain the aforementioned parameters were explained in detail in our previous paper; these methods are only explained briefly in the present work as follows.
The end of the casting opposite of the casting flange was fixed in position (Fig. 1).
Using a load cell, it was possible to dynamically measure the load on the casting due to the reaction force between the flange and the sand mold from the end of the solidification process until the shakeout processes (50 ◦C).
Simultaneously, the longitudinal contraction of the casting was dynamically obtained with the load on the casting by measuring the displacement of a quartz glass rod cast-in at the flange.
The longitudinal permanent deformation of the castings induced by the restraint force from the sand mold was measured at45 ◦C(after shakeout).
The experimental conditions for the flange dimension of the castings and the sand molds used are shown inTable 1.
The furan sand mold and the green sand mold, which has a lower maximum compressive strength at room temperature than that of the furan sand mold, were used to investigate the effects of the sand mold type on the measurements.
Additionally, the flange