Based on just four case-studies, any tendency of over-generalisation should be avoided, but the cases nevertheless allow
working out some recurrent patterns in the creation and spread of ServPPINs; patterns that should be seen as hypotheses in
need of further testing. These patterns are essentially of two kinds. First of all, there are a number of observations relating to
factors of influence that turned out to be similar in all four cases. These common enabling factors lend themselves to
deriving some clear lessons for each phase. Secondly, there are some discretionary factors that differ across the cases and
point to alternative strategic options that could be pursued in the different phases to ensure the success of a ServPPIN in
public (transport) service innovations.