THE FACTS ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY TRADE
This information pertains ONLY to monthly contracts and NOT to spot transactions
Fact 1… When a buyer states in writing or verbally, that they are ABLE to buy a commodity, they are saying that they have the cash or the ability to obtain the credit necessary to fund the transaction. If this is true, the buyers’ bank will provide a written statement confirming this fact. If the bank will not confirm in writing that their client has the funds and/or credit ability to purchase X metric tons of product at X price per metric ton, then it is obvious that the buyer is not ABLE to purchase the commodity they are asking for. Lets face it, if a buyers bank will not confirm that a buyer is ABLE to buy the product at the beginning of the transaction, then they are not going to confirm it when it comes time to issue the instruments required to pay for the commodity. WHY waste time on someone who cannot buy the product?
Fact 2… A Bank Capability or Bank Comfort Letter (BCL) is NOT the same as an RWA or Letter of Readiness. A BCL, or Bank Letter of Financial Capability, is a letter from the buyer’s bank that merely states that the buyer has the financial ability via cash and or credit, to purchase the commodity they are asking for. BCL is a statement of fact not a promise of obligation.
An RWA is a letter from the buyers bank to the sellers bank committing the buyers bank to actually issue the financial instruments named in the contract under certain conditions, such as, after the seller provides proof of the product to the buyer. An RWA is normally sent via S.W.I.F.T. from the buyer’s bank to the seller’s bank using form MT 799.
Fact 3… Performance Bonds (PB), and Bank Guarantees (BG), or Stand by Letters of Credit (SBLC) are a very important part of any contract to purchase commodities. These banking documents are used to provide security against default by either party.
A. The BG or SBLC, is a guarantee that the buyer’s bank will pay for product that is received if the buyer can’t. These are also a guarantee by the bank on behalf of the buyer, that they will fulfill all of their obligations under the contract, including but not limited to completion of the contract. The cost of a BG, or SBLC is normally 1/8th of 1% per annum of the face amount of the BG or SBLC. Since a seller is not paid until the commodity is received at the buyers port, and all of the shipping documents and other contractually required documents showing delivery have been presented to the buyers bank, the seller is at risk for the entire delivered cargo plus shipping, and the costs associated with any product en route to the buyer.
B. The PB is used to provide a guarantee to the buyer that the seller can fulfil his obligations under the contract with regard to the timely delivery of the commodity under the terms of the contract. The PB is normally 2% of the net purchase price of 1 months product value. Since the buyers risk of default by the seller is only that of interest on borrowed funds, and the BG or SBLC fees, the 2% PB more than covers this expense that the buyer would have if the seller defaults.
Fact 4… The phrase "At Sight" does not mean, upon loading of the cargo. At Sight refers to the payment by the buyers bank for the delivered commodity, with out delay, but only upon receipt by the bank, of the COMPLETE set of documents required by the contract, and presented by the seller. At sight has nothing to do with loading or unloading of cargo, it is the bank actually getting all of the required docs whether it be specified in the contract as upon loading or upon discharge.
THE FACTS ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY TRADEThis information pertains ONLY to monthly contracts and NOT to spot transactionsFact 1… When a buyer states in writing or verbally, that they are ABLE to buy a commodity, they are saying that they have the cash or the ability to obtain the credit necessary to fund the transaction. If this is true, the buyers’ bank will provide a written statement confirming this fact. If the bank will not confirm in writing that their client has the funds and/or credit ability to purchase X metric tons of product at X price per metric ton, then it is obvious that the buyer is not ABLE to purchase the commodity they are asking for. Lets face it, if a buyers bank will not confirm that a buyer is ABLE to buy the product at the beginning of the transaction, then they are not going to confirm it when it comes time to issue the instruments required to pay for the commodity. WHY waste time on someone who cannot buy the product?Fact 2… A Bank Capability or Bank Comfort Letter (BCL) is NOT the same as an RWA or Letter of Readiness. A BCL, or Bank Letter of Financial Capability, is a letter from the buyer’s bank that merely states that the buyer has the financial ability via cash and or credit, to purchase the commodity they are asking for. BCL is a statement of fact not a promise of obligation.An RWA is a letter from the buyers bank to the sellers bank committing the buyers bank to actually issue the financial instruments named in the contract under certain conditions, such as, after the seller provides proof of the product to the buyer. An RWA is normally sent via S.W.I.F.T. from the buyer’s bank to the seller’s bank using form MT 799.Fact 3… Performance Bonds (PB), and Bank Guarantees (BG), or Stand by Letters of Credit (SBLC) are a very important part of any contract to purchase commodities. These banking documents are used to provide security against default by either party.A. The BG or SBLC, is a guarantee that the buyer’s bank will pay for product that is received if the buyer can’t. These are also a guarantee by the bank on behalf of the buyer, that they will fulfill all of their obligations under the contract, including but not limited to completion of the contract. The cost of a BG, or SBLC is normally 1/8th of 1% per annum of the face amount of the BG or SBLC. Since a seller is not paid until the commodity is received at the buyers port, and all of the shipping documents and other contractually required documents showing delivery have been presented to the buyers bank, the seller is at risk for the entire delivered cargo plus shipping, and the costs associated with any product en route to the buyer.B. The PB is used to provide a guarantee to the buyer that the seller can fulfil his obligations under the contract with regard to the timely delivery of the commodity under the terms of the contract. The PB is normally 2% of the net purchase price of 1 months product value. Since the buyers risk of default by the seller is only that of interest on borrowed funds, and the BG or SBLC fees, the 2% PB more than covers this expense that the buyer would have if the seller defaults.Fact 4… The phrase "At Sight" does not mean, upon loading of the cargo. At Sight refers to the payment by the buyers bank for the delivered commodity, with out delay, but only upon receipt by the bank, of the COMPLETE set of documents required by the contract, and presented by the seller. At sight has nothing to do with loading or unloading of cargo, it is the bank actually getting all of the required docs whether it be specified in the contract as upon loading or upon discharge.
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