Propanol, isobutanol and
isoamyl alcohols are the main components of the higher alcohols
group in wine. At high levels (above 300 mg/L), fusel alcohols have
an adverse impact, but at moderate levels, they contribute desirable
notes of wine flavour (Clarke & Bakker, 2004). Propanol production
peaked in the second batch (B2) and decreased in subsequent ones,
but exceeded the concentration reached with free cells (F).