Pain relief options must be discussed with the woman prior to the
onset of labor and offered according to her wishes and using health
facility protocols and norms [17]. The need for pain relief is highly
variable between individuals and should be individually assessed.
While psychosocial interventions such as having a birth companion
and provision of supportive care may reduce the need for analgesia,
there is excellent evidence from the pain literature that while pain
behavior is culturally determined, for example whether crying out
in pain is acceptable or not, experience of pain intensity and associated
suffering are not culturally determined. Thus, care providers
should not base assumptions of “coping” on visible pain behavior.
Usually the second stage is relatively short and self-limiting. Local anesthesia
should be used for perineal infiltration prior to cutting an
episiotomy, and the practice of cutting an incision without anesthesia
is to be deprecated. For instrumental delivery, a pudendal block may
be indicated, especially for forceps delivery
Pain relief options must be discussed with the woman prior to the
onset of labor and offered according to her wishes and using health
facility protocols and norms [17]. The need for pain relief is highly
variable between individuals and should be individually assessed.
While psychosocial interventions such as having a birth companion
and provision of supportive care may reduce the need for analgesia,
there is excellent evidence from the pain literature that while pain
behavior is culturally determined, for example whether crying out
in pain is acceptable or not, experience of pain intensity and associated
suffering are not culturally determined. Thus, care providers
should not base assumptions of “coping” on visible pain behavior.
Usually the second stage is relatively short and self-limiting. Local anesthesia
should be used for perineal infiltration prior to cutting an
episiotomy, and the practice of cutting an incision without anesthesia
is to be deprecated. For instrumental delivery, a pudendal block may
be indicated, especially for forceps delivery
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..