High number/basal area of large trees
High stand volume or biomass
Large number/basal area of dead/dying standing trees
Large amount/mass of downed CWD
Wide decay class distribution of logs and/or snags
Several canopy layers/vertical variability
High number/cover of late successional/shade-tolerant species
High variation in tree sizes, presence of several cohorts
High spatial heterogeneity of tree distribution/irregular size and distribution