Worker’s participation: Niepce and Molleman (1996) describe that workers play a
central role in LMS. Katyama & Bennett (1996) explained that flexible machines are expensive
and lead to high fixed costs. Use of manual operations can make productions systems both
flexible and adaptable. JIT requires a work culture that allows: the worker to become a
participant in decision making and thus necessary putting trust and responsibility in the hands of
the workers, to become the same interest group by way of having long term relationships (Garg
et al, 1994). Kaynak (2003) effective communication, top management’s commitment and
training are necessary for implementing LMS. Today’s organization prefer a group or a team to
take part in the key decision making process. Better cooperation and collaboration among the
group drives an organization towards perfection and provides a wide range of advantages by
sharing information, generating ideas, making decisions and reviewing the effects of the
decisions (Singh et al., 2006).
4. Quality improvement: Monden (1994) described that Toyota Production System (TPS)
attempts to improve the quality and productivity without a loss in the human dignity of the
worker. The conflict between improvement and human concerns are resolved by initiating
positive improvement through small groups called quality control circles (QC circles). The
improvements are varied: refinement of manual operations to eliminate wasted motion,
introduction of new equipments to avoid the uneconomical use of manpower and improved
economy in the use of materials and supplies. Spencer and Guide (1995) presented a case stating
that quality improvements are seen as the result of JIT and that quality is an important
component of JIT.