The addition of maltodextrin to
the PRO preload was necessary to ensure both high energy conditions
were similar in EDwhileminimising differences in flavour pleasantness.
The addition of 1% (w/w) MSG (Ajinomoto, Europe) was also added to
all MSG+ soup conditions. The final formulations followed extensive
pilot testing (data not shown) to identify a base soup that was low in
glutamate, and which was rated as moderately pleasant to allow for
enhancement by MSG.