The experiment consisted of five treatments (four replicate tanks
per treatment): one control treatment without organic carbon addition
and with a weekly water exchange of 50%, and four treatments
with different organic carbon sources added for biofloc development
(molasses, tapioca, tapioca by-products, and rice bran, respectively).
Freshwaterwas regularly added only tomake up forwater loss due to
evaporation. All organic carbon sources were locally purchased.
Organic carbon was added daily two hours after feeding at an estimated
C/N ratio of 15 [5]. Proximate composition and organic carbon