2.5. Environmental assessment
The environmental impact of the chipping operations was
calculated using the CO2 emitted by fuel combustion during both
the field work and the machine manufacturing. About 3.76 kg of
CO2 per litre of diesel fuel [37,38] and an average of 2.94 kg of CO2
chilogram of lubricant [39] were considered. Concerning the
manufacturing, an emission factor of 0.159 kg of CO2 per each MJ of
energy content into the machine was used [33].