intestines full of bacteria and yeasts. Whether this is a nutritive (C. elegans is deficient in sterol synthesis and must obtain sterols from food: this may be derived from yeasts) or a morbid interaction remains to be tested. Howe ver, fungal pathogens were detected, including some species that produce invasive spores, and others that make nematode-trapping rings and adhesive hyphal traps. As previously described by Félix and colleagues, many nematodes were infected with microsporidia [9], and the first-ever nematode viruses were described from these orchards only last year [10]. Killer bacteria were also isolated, including strains that can digest even the resistant cuticle of the nematodes.