As the tank is heated and the incoming liquid has a constant temperature yin, Eq. (3) reflects that the temperature converges to an equilibrium state as long as there is some incoming fluid. The temperature can increase to the threshold 100 1C if there is no incoming fluid. The initial temperature is y0 1⁄4 30:9261 1C, so that the system is initially at an equilibrium state, and nothing happens until the failure of one of the components. The system stops as soon as one of the top events is reached: dry out (ho4 m), overflow (h410 m) or hot tem- perature (y4100 1C).