Sand Casting Defects: Pin Holes
Formation of many small gas cavities at or slightly below surface of casting
Sand Casting Defects: Penetration
When fluidity of liquid metal is high, it may penetrate into sand mold or core, causing casting surface to consist of a mixture of sand grains and metal
Sand Casting Defects: Mold Shift
A step in cast product at parting line caused by sidewise relative displacement of cope and drag