Alternating Current
THE OXIDE REMOVAL action will take place only during the portion of the current cycle when the electrode is positive. To ensure the initiation of this half cycle, the power source must either have a high enough open-circuit voltage [ I25 volts root-mean-square (rms) for argon and 150 volts rms for helium] or a high voltage at high frequency must be impressed on the arc gap at the time that the current passes through zero and the electrode becomes positive. If the arc must be initiated without touching the electrode to the work, the high-frequency voltage must be used. A stable arc (one with steady uninterrupted current flow in each direction) is characterized by the absence of a snapping or cracking sound, a smooth flow of filler metal into the molten pool of weld metal, easy arc starting, and elimination of tungsten inclusions in the weld. The magnitude of the current when the electrode is negative will be greater than when the electrode is positive unless thetransformer is provided with electrical circuitry to prevent the imbalance. Alternating current is used with a shielding gas of argon, or a mixture of argon and helium with 50 percent or more argon. The aluminum oxide on the surface is removed by arc action. For mixtures with high percentages of helium, very short arc lengths are needed for arc stability, the oxide removal action of the arc is lessened, and preweld oxide removal is usually required for good fusion. Helium and helium-rich gas mixtures are seldom used in ac welding but are most common for dc-GTAW. Pure tungsten or zirconia tungsten electrodes which form spherical tips are recommended for ac-GTAW. Excessive spitting of thoriated tungsten occurs when using GTAW with ac. Thoriated tungsten is used with dc-GTAW. Tables 1.17, 1.18, and 1.19 give typical procedures for manual GTAW with ac power. These tables are intended to serve only as guides to establish welding procedures for any specific application.
กระแสสลับTHE OXIDE REMOVAL action will take place only during the portion of the current cycle when the electrode is positive. To ensure the initiation of this half cycle, the power source must either have a high enough open-circuit voltage [ I25 volts root-mean-square (rms) for argon and 150 volts rms for helium] or a high voltage at high frequency must be impressed on the arc gap at the time that the current passes through zero and the electrode becomes positive. If the arc must be initiated without touching the electrode to the work, the high-frequency voltage must be used. A stable arc (one with steady uninterrupted current flow in each direction) is characterized by the absence of a snapping or cracking sound, a smooth flow of filler metal into the molten pool of weld metal, easy arc starting, and elimination of tungsten inclusions in the weld. The magnitude of the current when the electrode is negative will be greater than when the electrode is positive unless thetransformer is provided with electrical circuitry to prevent the imbalance. Alternating current is used with a shielding gas of argon, or a mixture of argon and helium with 50 percent or more argon. The aluminum oxide on the surface is removed by arc action. For mixtures with high percentages of helium, very short arc lengths are needed for arc stability, the oxide removal action of the arc is lessened, and preweld oxide removal is usually required for good fusion. Helium and helium-rich gas mixtures are seldom used in ac welding but are most common for dc-GTAW. Pure tungsten or zirconia tungsten electrodes which form spherical tips are recommended for ac-GTAW. Excessive spitting of thoriated tungsten occurs when using GTAW with ac. Thoriated tungsten is used with dc-GTAW. Tables 1.17, 1.18, and 1.19 give typical procedures for manual GTAW with ac power. These tables are intended to serve only as guides to establish welding procedures for any specific application.
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