As suggested by Spatafora and Tytell (2009), in order to concentrate on the impact of commodity price fluctuations on the primary export and import commodities for a nation, we adopt a nation-specific measure for commodity terms of trade. Commonly, terms of trade refers to the ratio of weighted real commodity export prices to weighted real commodity import prices. Any movements in terms of trade generally reflect changes in commodity prices, rather than changes in the volume of exports and imports. Jääskelä and Smith (2011) explained and quantified the macroeconomic impact of different types of terms of trade shocks and how these are propagated through the Australian economy. The authors identified three types of shocks, based on whether they have an effect on global economic activity, commodity prices, or global manufacturing prices. Over time, there are variations in the relative contribution of exchange rate and the terms of trade shock on inflation, interest rates, and output. The sign restrictions in a vector autoregression model are used to define the three types of terms of trade shocks: a global demand shock that raise the prices of imports and exports as well as world output; a particular commodity-market shock that boosts export prices with no corresponding pick-up in world output; and an international shock that raises export prices and world output, with a reduction in import prices. The key conclusion is that higher terms of trade seem to be expansionary and to increase the exchange rate. It is found that inflation rises if there is a global demand shock, but that this impact is relatively short-lived since the interest rates become higher and the real exchange rate appreciates. However, the appreciation in the real exchange rate offsets the effect of inflation, which is minor in subsequent periods. Lastly, a globalization shock also has a lower impact on the real exchange rate depreciation. Since it is a ratio of export prices to import prices, terms of trade is associated with the recent balance of payments and account. If the price of national exports increases at a rate that is greater than the rate of increase of the country’s imports, this means that the national terms of trade have positively been improved. This leads to higher export revenues, which lead to higher demand for the currency of the country and boost the value of the currency. If the export prices rise at a rate that is smaller than the rise in prices of imports, this will decrease the value of the currency against the currencies of its trading partners. On the other hand, terms of trade has an impact on the exchange rate, since higher terms of trade are likely to result in a rise in the exchange rate.