Price supports for rice producers have been important in the major industri- alized countries or regions, including the European Union, Japan, and the United States. Both the EU and the U.S. have shifted much of their support mechanisms to decoupled payments and therefore out of the World Trade Organization (WTO) amber box discipline. Yet, it is clear that, without such payments, producers in these regions would be challenged to maintain current production levels. Much of the price support in Japan extends from the tariffs and TRQ levels. Since 1998, Japan’s internal market intervention applies only to maintaining rice stocks for food security and isolation of Minimum Access imports from domestic food markets. Therefore, Japan’s notification of domestic support as an aggregate measure of support (AMS) is remarkably low, while at the same time the producer subsidy equivalent measure (PSE), which reflects both domestic and border support, remains extremely high.