The Oxford Dictionary of English defines motivation as "a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way with interest or enthusiasm" (Oxford Dictionary of English, 2015). While Online Business Dictionary explains motivation as an "Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal" (Online Business Dictionary, 2015). Motivation results from the interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. These factors are the reasons one has for behaving a certain way. An example is a student that spends extra time studying for a test because he or she wants a better grade in the class. Gardner (1982), in his socio-educational model, notes that motivation in perceived to be composed of three elements. These are effort, desire and effect. Effort refers to the time spent studying the language and the drive of the learner. Desire indicates how much the learner wants to become proficient in the language, and effect means the learner's emotional reactions related to language study.