The usefulness of the nanosensor for determination of AA,
NA, and UA in real samples was tested by measuring the AA
concentration in the tablet, the NA concentration in an injection
solution (1 mg/mL), and the UA concentration in urine
samples. The analytical results were then compared to those
obtained by using the standard methods. The results are listed
in Table 2. To verify the reliability of the results, the samples
were spiked with certain amounts of AA, NA, UA, and Trp at
levels similar to those of the samples themselves. The results
in Table 2 demonstrate that the relative standard deviation
percentage and recovery rates of the spiked samples were
acceptable.