It is argued by some researchers (for example, van Meel et al., 1994; MacIntosh and Francis, 1997;
Peltu et al., 1996) that there is no commonly agreed definition of BPR. Peltu et al. consider that this lack
of an accepted definition of BPR makes it difficult to assess the overall success or failure of its concept.
Thus it is essential to make clear what the definition of BPR is before we propose any framework and
techniques for BPR. The book Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution by
Hammer and Champy (1993) is widely referenced by most BPR researchers and is regarded as one of
the starting points of BPR. The following is their definition of BPR: