After the higher decrystallization acid concentration treatment, substrates were hydrolyzed to have more monomers at 80 C while to have monomers as well as over-hydrolyzed chemicals from monomers at 100 C, as confirmed in the HPLC chromatogram after 20 min analysis time. Some studies have reported that the higher temperature leads to the decomposition of glucoses into hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) which, on continued heating, will yield levulinic acid and formic acid