This measure is a non-verbal pictorial-assessment technique that directly
measures the affective valence, arousal, and dominance associated
with a person's affective reaction to a stimuli. Participants represent
their affective valence by choosing between happy and unhappy
figures. Excited or relaxed figures represent the arousal
dimension; the dominance dimension represents changes in control
with changes in the size of figures (i.e., a large figure indicates
maximum control in the situation). Participants could select any of
the five figures on each scale or between any two figures, which
resulted in a 9-point Likert scale for each dimension. In the validation
study, the correlation was high for the affective valence
(r ¼ 0.97) and arousal (r ¼ 0.94); the dominance correlation was not
significant. In this study, we did not use the dominance dimension