–Personal computer designed for use by mobile users
•Notebook computers:
–Lightweight computer that weighs less than 5 pounds
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
31
Portable Computers (continued)
•Netbook computer:
–The smallest, lightest, least expensive member of the laptop computer family
•Tablet computers:
–Portable, lightweight computers with no keyboard
•Smartphone:
–Combines the functionality of a mobile phone, camera, Web browser, e-mail tool, MP3 player, and other devices
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
32
Nonportable Single-User Computers
•Thin client:
–Low-cost, centrally managed computer with no extra drives
•Desktop computers:
–Single-user computer systems that are highly versatile
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
33
Nonportable Single-User Computers (continued)
•Nettop computer:
–Inexpensive desktop computer designed to be smaller, lighter, and consume much less power than a traditional desktop computer
•Workstations:
–More powerful than personal computers but still small enough to fit on a desktop
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
34
Multiple-User Computer Systems
•Server:
–Used by many users to perform a specific task, such as running network or Internet applications
•Blade server:
–Houses many computer motherboards
–The approach requires much less physical space than traditional server farms
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
35
Multiple-User Computer Systems (continued)
•Mainframe computer:
–Large, powerful computer shared by hundreds of concurrent users connected to the machine over a network
•Supercomputers:
–The most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
36
Green Computing
•Concerned with:
–Efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products
•Goals:
–Reduce the use of hazardous material
–Enable companies to lower their power-related costs
–Enable the safe disposal or recycling of some 700,000 tons of computers each year
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
37
Overview of Software
•Computer programs:
–Sequences of instructions for the computer
•Documentation:
–Describes program functions to help the user operate the computer system
•Types of software:
–Systems software
–Application software
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
38
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals
•Sphere of influence:
–Scope of problems and opportunities addressed by a particular organization
•Personal sphere of influence:
–Serve the needs of an individual user
•Personal productivity software:
–Helps users improve their personal effectiveness
•Workgroup:
–When two or more people work together to achieve a common goal
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
39
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals (continued)
•Workgroup sphere of influence:
–Serves the needs of a workgroup
•Enterprise sphere of influence:
–Supports the firm in its interaction with its environment
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
40
Installing and Removing New Software
•Software for personal computers typically comes on CDs or is downloaded from the Web
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
41 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
42
Systems Software
•Includes:
–Operating systems
–Utility programs
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
43
Operating Systems
•Set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs
•Can control one computer or multiple computers, or
•Can allow multiple users to interact with one computer
•Combinations of OSs, computers, and users:
–Single computer with a single user
–Single computer with multiple users
–Multiple computers with multiple users
–Special-purpose computers
Operating Systems (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
44
Operating Systems (continued)
•Activities performed by the operating system:
–Perform common computer hardware functions
–Provide a user interface and input/output management
–Provide a degree of hardware independence
–Manage system memory
–Manage processing tasks
–Provide networking capability
–Control access to system resources
–Manage files
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
45 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
46
Operating Systems (continued)
•Common hardware functions:
–Get input from keyboard or another input device
–Retrieve data from disks
–Store data on disks
–Display information on a monitor or printer
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
47
Operating Systems (continued)
•User interface and input/output management:
–User interface:
•Allows individuals to access and command the computer system
–Command-based user interface:
•Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities
–Graphical user interface (GUI):
•Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
48
Operating Systems (continued)
•Hardware independence:
–Application program interface (API):
•Allows applications to make use of the operating system
•Memory management:
–Allows computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processing
Operating Systems (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
49
•Processing tasks:
–Multitasking:
•More than one program can run at the same time
–Time-sharing:
•Allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time
–Scalability:
•Ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly
Operating Systems (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 50
Operating Systems (continued)
•Networking capability:
–Allows computers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources
•Access to system resources and security:
–Protection against unauthorized access
–OS establishes a logon procedure
•File management:
–Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
51
Current Operating Systems
•Microsoft PC operating systems:
–Windows XP
–Windows Vista
–Windows 7
•Apple computer operating systems:
–Wintel
–Snow Leopard (OS X v10.6)
•Linux:
–Red Hat Linux
–Caldera OpenLinux
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
52 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
53
Workgroup Operating Systems
•Windows Server:
–Can be used to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information
•UNIX:
–Can be used on many computer system types and platforms
•Red Hat Linux:
–Can manage a cluster of up to eight servers
•Mac OS X Server:
–Includes support for 64-bit processing
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
54
Enterprise Operating Systems
•z/OS:
–IBM’s first 64-bit enterprise OS
•HP-UX and Linux:
–Personal computer designed for use by mobile users•Notebook computers:–Lightweight computer that weighs less than 5 pounds Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 31 Portable Computers (continued)•Netbook computer:–The smallest, lightest, least expensive member of the laptop computer family•Tablet computers:–Portable, lightweight computers with no keyboard•Smartphone:–Combines the functionality of a mobile phone, camera, Web browser, e-mail tool, MP3 player, and other devices Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 32 Nonportable Single-User Computers•Thin client:–Low-cost, centrally managed computer with no extra drives•Desktop computers:–Single-user computer systems that are highly versatile Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 33 Nonportable Single-User Computers (continued)•Nettop computer:–Inexpensive desktop computer designed to be smaller, lighter, and consume much less power than a traditional desktop computer•Workstations:–More powerful than personal computers but still small enough to fit on a desktop Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 34 Multiple-User Computer Systems•Server:–Used by many users to perform a specific task, such as running network or Internet applications•Blade server:–Houses many computer motherboards–The approach requires much less physical space than traditional server farms Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 35 Multiple-User Computer Systems (continued)•Mainframe computer:–Large, powerful computer shared by hundreds of concurrent users connected to the machine over a network•Supercomputers:–The most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 36 Green Computing•Concerned with:–Efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products •Goals:–Reduce the use of hazardous material–Enable companies to lower their power-related costs –Enable the safe disposal or recycling of some 700,000 tons of computers each year Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 37 Overview of Software•Computer programs:–Sequences of instructions for the computer•Documentation:–Describes program functions to help the user operate the computer system•Types of software:–Systems software–Application software Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 38 Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals•Sphere of influence:–Scope of problems and opportunities addressed by a particular organization•Personal sphere of influence:–Serve the needs of an individual user•Personal productivity software:–Helps users improve their personal effectiveness•Workgroup:–When two or more people work together to achieve a common goal Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 39 Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals (continued)•Workgroup sphere of influence: –Serves the needs of a workgroup •Enterprise sphere of influence:–Supports the firm in its interaction with its environment Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 40 Installing and Removing New Software•Software for personal computers typically comes on CDs or is downloaded from the Web Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 41 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 42 Systems Software•Includes:–Operating systems–Utility programsFundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 43 Operating Systems •Set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs•Can control one computer or multiple computers, or •Can allow multiple users to interact with one computer•Combinations of OSs, computers, and users:–Single computer with a single user–Single computer with multiple users–Multiple computers with multiple users–Special-purpose computersOperating Systems (continued) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 44 Operating Systems (continued) •Activities performed by the operating system:–Perform common computer hardware functions–Provide a user interface and input/output management–Provide a degree of hardware independence–Manage system memory–Manage processing tasks–Provide networking capability–Control access to system resources–Manage files Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 45 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 46 Operating Systems (continued)•Common hardware functions:–Get input from keyboard or another input device–Retrieve data from disks–Store data on disks–Display information on a monitor or printerFundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 47 Operating Systems (continued)•User interface and input/output management:–User interface:•Allows individuals to access and command the computer system–Command-based user interface:•Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities–Graphical user interface (GUI):•Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer systemFundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 48 Operating Systems (continued)•Hardware independence:–Application program interface (API):•Allows applications to make use of the operating system•Memory management:–Allows computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processingOperating Systems (continued) Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 49 •Processing tasks:–Multitasking:•More than one program can run at the same time–Time-sharing:•Allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time–Scalability:
•Ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly
Operating Systems (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition 50
Operating Systems (continued)
•Networking capability:
–Allows computers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources
•Access to system resources and security:
–Protection against unauthorized access
–OS establishes a logon procedure
•File management:
–Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
51
Current Operating Systems
•Microsoft PC operating systems:
–Windows XP
–Windows Vista
–Windows 7
•Apple computer operating systems:
–Wintel
–Snow Leopard (OS X v10.6)
•Linux:
–Red Hat Linux
–Caldera OpenLinux
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
52 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
53
Workgroup Operating Systems
•Windows Server:
–Can be used to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information
•UNIX:
–Can be used on many computer system types and platforms
•Red Hat Linux:
–Can manage a cluster of up to eight servers
•Mac OS X Server:
–Includes support for 64-bit processing
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
54
Enterprise Operating Systems
•z/OS:
–IBM’s first 64-bit enterprise OS
•HP-UX and Linux:
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