คำเชื่อมที่ใช้ เพิ่ม หรือเสริมข้อมูลที่คล้อยตามกัน (addition)
เช่น in addition, moreover, also, and เป็นต้น
Examples:
I’m stressed. I get upset with people. Moreover, I worry about my family.
I worry about my studies. Also, I am worried about finding a job.
I have to study for a midterm exam. In addition, I have to finish a final report tonight.
James sings very well and has a lot of fan clubbers.
คำเชื่อมที่ใช้แสดงความขัดแย้ง (contrast)
เช่น however, in contrast, on the other hand, despite , but เป็นต้น
Examples:
My friends want me to help them with homework. However, I have no time.
My housemates are very friendly. On the other hand, they are always noisy.
Getting married is exciting but stressful.
Despite no money, I am happy with my life.
คำเชื่อมที่แสดงเหตุผล (cause and effect)
เช่น therefore, consequently, as a result,
Because, due to, since, that’s why เป็นต้น
Examples:
We study very hard because we want to get an A from Academic English.
We want to get an A from Academic English. Therefore, we study very hard.
Some ecosystems have changed due to human actions.
People cut down a lot of trees; as a result, many animals lose their homes.
คำเชื่อมที่แสดงการยกตัวอย่าง (examples)
เช่น for example, for instance, such as, namely, in particular เป็นต้น
It is rude to talk on phone in a public places such as restaurants or cinemas.
Thai people are now facing a lot of problems. For example, since 2010, they had to face the political conflict, the economic instability, the higher number of unemployed.
คำเชื่อมที่แสดงลำดับเวลา (time order)
เช่น first, next, lastly, finally, then, meanwhile, after that ( ในระหว่างนั้น) เป็นต้น
Peter has to do many things in his job. First, he is responsible for general administration in the office. Second, he has to look after the financial side of the business. Lastly, he has been asked to build up outside contacts.
คำเชื่อมที่แสดงการสรุป (summary)
เช่น To conclude, To sum up, In conclusion, In summary, in a word, in brief, in short เป็นต้น
Peter has to do many things in his job. First, he is responsible for general administration in the office. Second, he has to look after the financial side of the business. Lastly, he has been asked to build up outside contacts. To sum up, Peter’s job involves a lot of things.
Exercise
In addition Also For example such as and
However To sum up Therefore but because
Due to First Second Third Next
Lastly/Finally/ In conclusion In brief On the other hand
Living under a lot of stress can lead to some serious illnesses ________heart diseases, cancer or strokes.
Peter has to submit his homework , ________final report on Friday.
To release stress, UBU students play different kinds of sports. ________, some of them play badminton while some play football and joking at Nong E-James.
My friend eats a lot of junk food; ________, she is not overweight.
Mobiles phones have many advantages. ________,they can cause some health problems to the users.
Thailand has many interesting tourist places such as beautiful beaches and spectacular mountains. ________, Thailand has many wonderful culture heritages especially in old cities ________Bangkok, Chiangmai, Ayuthya and Sukhothai.
Supaporn got a headache. ________, she went to the clinic immediately. ________, the doctor was not at the clinic. ________, she went to the hospital.
Siriporn studies very hard. ________, she has to work a part time job after class. ________, she has to take care of her little sister when she gets back home. ________, she gets good grades, and she is happy with her busy life.
Fish make good pets for many reasons. __________, they do not make noise like dogs and cats. __________, they are easier and less expensive to feed and care for than other pets. __________, they do not bite your shoes or scratch your beautiful curtains. __________, fish makes the best pets because they are quiet, easy to take care and cause no troubles.