Most Asian developing cities have been developed
under city plans based only land transport development
and with a weakness of land use control which have
caused many problems, including urban sprawl, severe
traffic congestion, and air/noise pollution, etc. These
problems subsequently become obstructions to BRT system
implementation. Mainly, the limiting conditions to
system implementation in these cities are as follows.
3.1 Insufficient demand for BRT system
Urban sprawl is often one characteristic of fast
growing cities in Asian developing countries. With a lack
of effective planning and land use control, the urban
sprawl in these cities has grown continuously and uncontrollably
for a long period. For instance, a previous study18
discovered that evidently, the urban sprawl of Bangkok
has grown more rapidly and continuously than Tokyo
during the period of 1965-1985, which is a result of low
population density spreading over the entire city. As a
result, the corridor with high demand for supporting BRT
development is much more difficult to be identified.