The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS;
[10, 14–16]) uses a combination of three stances (narrow
double leg stance, single leg stance, and tandem stance) and
two footing surfaces (firm surface/floor or medium density
foam). The first 3 stances, on a hard surface, comprise
the test. Each stance is held, with hands on hips and eyes
closed, for 20 seconds. “Error” points are given for specific
behaviors, including opening eyes, lifting hands off hips, or
stepping, stumbling, or falling.Therefore, a higher total score
reflects worse performance on the test. All tests were scored
The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS;[10, 14–16]) uses a combination of three stances (narrowdouble leg stance, single leg stance, and tandem stance) andtwo footing surfaces (firm surface/floor or medium densityfoam). The first 3 stances, on a hard surface, comprisethe test. Each stance is held, with hands on hips and eyesclosed, for 20 seconds. “Error” points are given for specificbehaviors, including opening eyes, lifting hands off hips, orstepping, stumbling, or falling.Therefore, a higher total scorereflects worse performance on the test. All tests were scored
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