such as in the prior treatment of wheat seeds infected by the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearumwit, with a chitosan solution (2–8 mg/ml) for 15 min to improve the seed germination capacity (Bhaskara Reddy et al., 1999), and the ability of the chitosan formulation ElexaTM to increase the proportion of germinating seeds when used at a 20-fold dilution (Sharathchandra et al., 2004).