Interactive online journalism has its own field study literature, which in turn draws
upon the organisational journalism studies literature of the past (Boczkowski 2004;
Bruns 2005). However, interactive visual journalism has more often been researched
from an _outputs_ perspective, which tells us little about the decision-making that goes
into this field of news production. Schroeder_s (2004) survey of interactive infographics
shows that the UK media lagged behind their European counterparts in this field, over
the last decade. Similarly, Quandt (2008) pulled together the dominant themes in late
1990s literature on the formal and structural properties of news content online, to
show that online media had an over-reliance on _shovel ware_ from print.