The human heartbeat is arguably the single most important (“life-and-death”) diagnostic indicator. Thus electrocardiograms (ECGs) are one of the most significant diagnostic methods in that they monitor heart function. ECGs are not only used in a clinical setting but are increasingly seen in personal health devices. Traditionally, ECG measurement conductive electrodes have been applied which are directly attached to the skin. With the help of contact gel (wet or solid) to ensure that there is good electrical contact between the skin and the sensor, direct resistive contact is made with the patient. However, conventional electrodes possess various disadvantages which are not conducive for long-term use in non-clinical settings. In addition to being potentially messy, metal allergies can cause skin irritations and, as a single-use item, they are quite expensive.