Difference between krill oil and fish oil[edit]
Krill oil is rich with omega-3 fatty acids, mainly Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), bound mostly to phospholipids. Two papers have previously described the unique fatty acid composition of krill oil phospholipids.[3][4] Krill oil is often compared with fish oil, since both are marine oils enriched with EPA and DHA. There are several differences between krill oil and fish oil, the main difference is the omega-3 fatty acids carrier. Unlike fish oil, in which the omega-3 FA are attached only to triglycerides, in krill oil the majority of omega-3 FA are attached to phospholipids while the rest are attached to triglycerides. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone, whereas phospholipids have only two fatty acids which are bound to a glycerol backbone. A phosphorus group, which is further linked to an organic, hydrophilic, headgroup, is also attached to the glycerol backbone of phospholipids. The headgroup can consist of choline (the major phospholipid in krill oil), ethanolamine, glycerol, inositol or serine. This difference in structure results in different chemical behavior: Triglycerides are highly hydrophobic, thus they do not mix with water. Conversely, phospholipids are amphipathic because they contain a hydrophilic headgroup on one end and hydrophobic chains on the other end. Due to this unique structure, phospholipids are able to mix with water. Another difference is the composition, krill oil contains the powerful natural antioxidant astaxanthin, which also gives krill oil its distinct deep red color. Although several studies have shown toxic residues in Antarctic krill and fish,[5][6] other publication suggested that the lower an animal is on the food chain, it has a lower levels of toxins in its flesh.[7] Preclinical and clinical studies with krill oil demonstrated its safety for human consumption, and krill oil was found to be Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA, obtained authorization as a ‘Novel Food’ from the European Union and a ‘New Food Raw Material’ approval in China.
Difference between krill oil and fish oil[edit]
Krill oil is rich with omega-3 fatty acids, mainly Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), bound mostly to phospholipids. Two papers have previously described the unique fatty acid composition of krill oil phospholipids.[3][4] Krill oil is often compared with fish oil, since both are marine oils enriched with EPA and DHA. There are several differences between krill oil and fish oil, the main difference is the omega-3 fatty acids carrier. Unlike fish oil, in which the omega-3 FA are attached only to triglycerides, in krill oil the majority of omega-3 FA are attached to phospholipids while the rest are attached to triglycerides. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone, whereas phospholipids have only two fatty acids which are bound to a glycerol backbone. A phosphorus group, which is further linked to an organic, hydrophilic, headgroup, is also attached to the glycerol backbone of phospholipids. The headgroup can consist of choline (the major phospholipid in krill oil), ethanolamine, glycerol, inositol or serine. This difference in structure results in different chemical behavior: Triglycerides are highly hydrophobic, thus they do not mix with water. Conversely, phospholipids are amphipathic because they contain a hydrophilic headgroup on one end and hydrophobic chains on the other end. Due to this unique structure, phospholipids are able to mix with water. Another difference is the composition, krill oil contains the powerful natural antioxidant astaxanthin, which also gives krill oil its distinct deep red color. Although several studies have shown toxic residues in Antarctic krill and fish,[5][6] other publication suggested that the lower an animal is on the food chain, it has a lower levels of toxins in its flesh.[7] Preclinical and clinical studies with krill oil demonstrated its safety for human consumption, and krill oil was found to be Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA, obtained authorization as a ‘Novel Food’ from the European Union and a ‘New Food Raw Material’ approval in China.
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