Abstract
Background
Excessive and inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to growing antibiotic resistance, an
important public-health problem. Strategies must be developed to improve antibioticprescribing.
Our purpose is to review of educational programs aimed at improving antibioticprescribing
by physicians and/or antibiotic-dispensing by pharmacists, in both primary-care
and hospital settings.
Methods
We conducted a critical systematic search and review of the relevant literature on educational
programs aimed at improving antibiotic prescribing and dispensing practice in primary-care
and hospital settings, published in January 2001 through December 2011.
Results
We identified 78 studies for analysis, 47 in primary-care and 31 in hospital settings. The
studies differed widely in design but mostly reported positive results. Outcomes measured in
the reviewed studies were adherence to guidelines, total of antibiotics prescribed, or both,
attitudes and behavior related to antibiotic prescribing and quality of pharmacy practice
related to antibiotics. Twenty-nine studies (62%) in primary care and twenty-four (78%) in
hospital setting reported positive results for all measured outcomes; fourteen studies (30%) in
primary care and six (20%) in hospital setting reported positive results for some outcomes
and results that were not statistically influenced by the intervention for others; only four
studies in primary care and one study in hospital setting failed to report significant postintervention
improvements for all outcomes. Improvement in adherence to guidelines and
decrease of total of antibiotics prescribed, after educational interventions, were observed,
respectively, in 46% and 41% of all the reviewed studies. Changes in behaviour related to
antibiotic-prescribing and improvement in quality of pharmacy practice was observed,
respectively, in four studies and one study respectively.
Conclusion
The results show that antibiotic use could be improved by educational interventions, being
mostly used multifaceted interventions.