A number of U.S. states have their own meat inspection programs that substitute for USDA inspection for meats that are sold only in-state.[22] Certain state programs have been criticized for undue leniency to bad practices.[23]
However, other state food safety programs supplement, rather than replace, Federal inspections, generally with the goal of increasing consumer confidence in the state's produce. For example, state health departments have a role in investigating outbreaks of food-borne disease bacteria, as in the case of the 2006 outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (a pathogenic strain of the ordinarily harmless bacteria, E. coli ) from processed spinach.[24] Health departments also promote better food processing practices to eliminate these threats.[25]
In addition to the US Food and Drug Administration, several states that are major producers of fresh fruits and vegetables (including California, Arizona and Florida) have their own state programs to test produce for pesticide residues.[26]
Restaurants and other retail food establishments fall under state law and are regulated by state or local health departments. Typically these regulations require official inspections of specific design features, best food-handling practices, and certification of food handlers.[27] In some places a letter grade or numerical score must be prominently posted following each inspection.[28] In some localities, inspection deficiencies and remedial action are posted on the Internet.[29]