sensors on the catheter was fixed. Therefore, individual
differences in neck size resulted in slight variations in the
location of the pharyngeal sensors. Despite these slight variations,
the most superior sensor was consistently positioned
in the upper pharynx, and the middle sensor was consistently
positioned in the lower pharynx at rest. In addition,
the manometric catheter does move during the swallow
(primarily from palatal elevation). Thus, the sensors may
have captured pressures more superiorly than intended in
the swallow tract. Upon visual inspection of fluoroscopic
images, the amount of overall catheter movement appeared
consistent between swallow conditions within each
participant; however, this was not objectively measured.
Conclusions
In summary, individuals who have completed radiotherapy
to the head and neck regions often present with
dysphagia. One common limitation of their swallow is
reduced contact between the tongue base and posterior pharyngeal
wall. This study demonstrated the ability of participants
in this clinical population to increase pressure in the
upper pharynx approximately at the level of the BOT when
completing a forceful lingual swallow. Consequently, this
maneuver may be beneficial to individuals who have completed
radiotherapy and present with tongue base weakness.
Additionally, repeated forceful lingual swallows may provide
a distributed effect to strengthen the upper pharynx.
Further investigation of UES opening during forceful lingual
swallows is warranted.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge funding from a
Florida State University Dissertation Research Grant awarded to
the first author.