Trompenaars' Cultural Dimensions
1) Trompenaar derived five relationship orientations that address the ways people deal with each other. Trompenaar also looked at dimensions of time and the environment.
2) Universalism vs. Particularism
a) Universalism - the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification.
b) Particularism - the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and something cannot be done the same everywhere.
3) Individualism vs. Communitarianism
a) Individualism - refers to people regarding themselves as individuals.
b) Communitarianism - refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group.
4) Neutral vs. Emotional
a) Neutral culture - a culture in which emotions are held in check.
b) Emotional culture - a culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally.
5) Specific vs. Diffuse
a) Specific culture - a culture in which individuals have a large public space they readily share with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates.
b) Diffuse culture - a culture in which both public and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.
6) Achievement vs. Ascription
a) Achievement culture - a culture in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions.
b) Ascription culture - a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.
7) Time
a) Sequential approach - in cultures where sequential approaches are prevalent, people tend to do only one activity at a time, keep appointments strictly, and show a strong preference for following plans as they are laid out and not deviating from them.
b) Synchronous approach - in cultures where synchronous approaches are common, people tend to do more than one activity at a time, appointments are approximate and may be changed at a moment's notice, and schedules generally are subordinate to relationships.
8) The Environment - Trompenaars also examined the ways in which people deal with their environment. Specific attention should be given to whether they believe in controlling outcomes (inner-directed) or letting things take their own course (outer-directed).
Trompenaars' Cultural Dimensions
1) Trompenaar derived five relationship orientations that address the ways people deal with each other. Trompenaar also looked at dimensions of time and the environment.
2) Universalism vs. Particularism
a) Universalism - the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification.
b) Particularism - the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and something cannot be done the same everywhere.
3) Individualism vs. Communitarianism
a) Individualism - refers to people regarding themselves as individuals.
b) Communitarianism - refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group.
4) Neutral vs. Emotional
a) Neutral culture - a culture in which emotions are held in check.
b) Emotional culture - a culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally.
5) Specific vs. Diffuse
a) Specific culture - a culture in which individuals have a large public space they readily share with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates.
b) Diffuse culture - a culture in which both public and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.
6) Achievement vs. Ascription
a) Achievement culture - a culture in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions.
b) Ascription culture - a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.
7) Time
a) Sequential approach - in cultures where sequential approaches are prevalent, people tend to do only one activity at a time, keep appointments strictly, and show a strong preference for following plans as they are laid out and not deviating from them.
b) Synchronous approach - in cultures where synchronous approaches are common, people tend to do more than one activity at a time, appointments are approximate and may be changed at a moment's notice, and schedules generally are subordinate to relationships.
8) The Environment - Trompenaars also examined the ways in which people deal with their environment. Specific attention should be given to whether they believe in controlling outcomes (inner-directed) or letting things take their own course (outer-directed).
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