Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for degradation products of cellulose and cellooligosaccharides was carried out with Silica gel-60 TLC plates (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Two μL of the degradation products (~5 mg/mL) were applied to the TLC plate and developed with 1-butanol/acetic acid/water (2:1:1, v/v/v).