Researchers blind to the infant’s group assignment and trained to .90 criterion for interobserver reliability recorded
at bedside the duration of infants’ stress behaviors and activity (movement) for 15 min on the first and the last days of the
5-week study. The observations were conducted in the morning of the first and last days of the study for both groups. The
stress behaviors coded included crying, grimacing, yawning, sneezing, jerky arm or leg movements, startles, and finger
flaring. Activity was recorded simultaneously as movement of the limbs, torso, or gross body movement of any kind.
The recordings were made on a computer laptop with key strokes operated by the researcher on a customized computer
program (Guthertz & Field, 1989) that tabulated the number of stress behaviors and the duration of movement/activity
behavior over the sampling period. At the end of the session, the data for each infant were summarized in a matrix and
transferred to a spreadsheet for later group analyses.
Researchers blind to the infant’s group assignment and trained to .90 criterion for interobserver reliability recorded
at bedside the duration of infants’ stress behaviors and activity (movement) for 15 min on the first and the last days of the
5-week study. The observations were conducted in the morning of the first and last days of the study for both groups. The
stress behaviors coded included crying, grimacing, yawning, sneezing, jerky arm or leg movements, startles, and finger
flaring. Activity was recorded simultaneously as movement of the limbs, torso, or gross body movement of any kind.
The recordings were made on a computer laptop with key strokes operated by the researcher on a customized computer
program (Guthertz & Field, 1989) that tabulated the number of stress behaviors and the duration of movement/activity
behavior over the sampling period. At the end of the session, the data for each infant were summarized in a matrix and
transferred to a spreadsheet for later group analyses.
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