(1) Inherently safe design. A recommended first step in
safety engineering is to minimise the inherent dangers
in the process as far as possible. This means that
potential hazards are excluded rather than just enclosed
or otherwise coped with. Hence, dangerous substances
or reactions are replaced by less dangerous ones, and
this is preferred to using the dangerous substances in an
encapsulated process. Fireproof materials are used
instead of inflammable ones, and this is considered
superior to using inflammable materials but keeping
temperatures low. For similar reasons, performing a
reaction at low temperature and pressure is considered
superior to performing it at high temperature and
pressure in a vessel constructed for these conditions