There are other possibilities for explaining the strong relationship between balance stability and body weight. When standing upright, the human body is often compared to an inverted pendulum system rotating around the ankle joint. The center of mass located closer to the anterior edge of the base of support, due to extra abdominal mass, presumably leads to an increased ankle torque necessary to maintain balance [8]. Greater ankle torque could add more noise in the feedback control system as greater muscle force is related to greater motor variability [32] and [33]. Therefore, it is likely that the central command, allowing body sway regulation, is not adapted due to reduced capability of the mechanoreceptors to accurately signal the position of the CP and to greater motor variability.
The present study shows that an increase in body weight correlates with a greater balance instability. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all age groups including older persons [34]. This may put at higher risk the older obese person since balance instability is one of the most important risk factor leading to fall in this population [35], [36] and [37]. More than one third of persons 65 years of age or older fall each year [36] and about 10% of these falls lead to serious injury [35] and [38]. This suggestion may appear conflicting with several observations arising from epidemiological studies suggesting that a low BMI is a risk factor of fall [39], [40], [41] and [42]. In several studies, it was proposed that BMI could provide: (i) skeletal loading, which may cause a compensatory increase in bone mass [43], [44] and [45], and (ii) padding that protects against fractures during falls [46]. We do not want to argue against these potential benefits from a high BMI. These studies, however, do not provide an indication of the risk of falling related to obesity. The benefit from a high BMI do not prevent people from falling but it may attenuate the health related consequences of a fall for frail persons. In support of this suggestion, there are some studies that have reported a significant relationship between obesity and risk of falling [47] and [48]. Also, a recent epidemiological study by Nguyen et al. [49] shows that, after adjusting for bone mineral density or body weight, the abdominal fat-fracture association previously reported is no longer statistically significant. Clearly, continuing studies should assess the specific risk of falling in obese subjects rather than extrapolating risk for falling from reported injuries or fractures.
In conclusion, body weight predicts variation in balance stability which is an essential prerequisite in daily life activities. As recently argued by Wearing et al. [6], there is an urgent need to examine objectively the actual impact of obesity on balance control and on the diverse range of activities of daily living.
มีไปที่อื่นสำหรับอธิบายความสัมพันธ์ที่ดีระหว่างความมั่นคงสมดุลและน้ำหนัก เมื่อยืนตรง ร่างกายมนุษย์ถูกมักจะเปรียบเทียบกับระบบเพนดูลัมการหมุนรอบข้อต่อข้อเท้า ศูนย์กลางของมวลอยู่ใกล้กับขอบฐานสนับสนุน เนื่องจากมวลท้องพิเศษ แอนทีเรียร์น่าจะนำไปสู่การบิดข้อเท้าเพิ่มขึ้นจำเป็นต้องรักษาสมดุล [8] แรงบิดของข้อเท้ามากขึ้นสามารถเพิ่มเสียงเพิ่มเติมในระบบควบคุมผลป้อนกลับเป็นกล้ามเนื้อมากกว่าแรงเกี่ยวข้องกับความแปรผันมอเตอร์มาก [32] และ [33] จึง มันเป็นไปได้ที่คำสั่งกลาง ช่วยให้ร่างกายเอนเอียงระเบียบ ไม่ได้ดัดแปลงเนื่องจากความสามารถในการลดลงของ mechanoreceptors ที่เพื่อเป็นสัญญาณบอกตำแหน่ง ของจุด และมากกว่ารถยนต์สำหรับความผันผวนThe present study shows that an increase in body weight correlates with a greater balance instability. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all age groups including older persons [34]. This may put at higher risk the older obese person since balance instability is one of the most important risk factor leading to fall in this population [35], [36] and [37]. More than one third of persons 65 years of age or older fall each year [36] and about 10% of these falls lead to serious injury [35] and [38]. This suggestion may appear conflicting with several observations arising from epidemiological studies suggesting that a low BMI is a risk factor of fall [39], [40], [41] and [42]. In several studies, it was proposed that BMI could provide: (i) skeletal loading, which may cause a compensatory increase in bone mass [43], [44] and [45], and (ii) padding that protects against fractures during falls [46]. We do not want to argue against these potential benefits from a high BMI. These studies, however, do not provide an indication of the risk of falling related to obesity. The benefit from a high BMI do not prevent people from falling but it may attenuate the health related consequences of a fall for frail persons. In support of this suggestion, there are some studies that have reported a significant relationship between obesity and risk of falling [47] and [48]. Also, a recent epidemiological study by Nguyen et al. [49] shows that, after adjusting for bone mineral density or body weight, the abdominal fat-fracture association previously reported is no longer statistically significant. Clearly, continuing studies should assess the specific risk of falling in obese subjects rather than extrapolating risk for falling from reported injuries or fractures.เบียดเบียน น้ำหนักทำนายความผันแปรในเสถียรภาพดุลซึ่งเป็นข้อกำหนดเบื้องต้นที่จำเป็นในกิจกรรมชีวิตประจำวัน เป็นล่าสุด argued โดย Wearing et al. [6], มีความจำเป็นเร่งด่วนการตรวจสอบเป็นจริงผลกระทบของโรคอ้วนการควบคุมยอดดุล และหลากหลายกิจกรรมของชีวิตประจำวัน
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