Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical and socio-economic problem, and is the leading cause of death in
children and young adults. The critical care management of severe TBI is largely derived from the “Guidelines for
the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury” that have been published by the Brain Trauma Foundation. The
main objectives are prevention and treatment of intracranial hypertension and secondary brain insults, preservation
of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and optimization of cerebral oxygenation. In this review, the critical care
management of severe TBI will be discussed with focus on monitoring, avoidance and minimization of secondary
brain insults, and optimization of cerebral oxygenation and CPP