Thus, in line with Rank, Pace and Frese (2004), we recommend that research in these two
distinct research fields would benefit if findings were better integrated. In a similar vein, adaptivity
and proactivity have some parallels in that both behaviors are especially important in uncertain,
unpredictable contexts (Griffin et al., 2007). However, adaptivity is about adjusting to and
responding to change, whereas proactivity is about initiating change.