Participants completed Session Two (i.e., functional softball throwing for accuracy task) and Session Three (i.e., softball overhand throwing for distance task) with counterbalanced order. In Session Two, individuals experienced three self-talk conditions with counterbalanced order. For the instructional self-talk condition, the participant performed warm-up as in Session One and the pitching target was selected by drawing lots. Before they performed the official attempt, the experimenter displayed the instructional self-talk script. He/she selected one or two self-talk items from the script and then performed verbally and loudly for overt self-talk. Then, a self-efficacy measure was administrated prior to the official attempt. The self-talk manipulation check was then administrated to confirm the appropriate use of covert and specific self-talk following each official attempt. Each participant performed six official attempts, repeating the warm-up, target selection, self-efficacy measure, official attempt, as well as self-talk manipulation check steps.