Measures of expectancy (except as a correlate of goal difficulty) and self-efficacy were not initially a part of goal setting theory. We incorporated self-efficacy into our theorizing after recognizing the importance of the concept (Bandura, 1986). People with high self-efficacy are more likely to be committed to difficult goals when goals are assigned, to set high goals when goals are self set, to respond with renewed effort when feedback shows that they are not attaining their goals, and to develop effective strategies for goal attainment (Latham and Seijts, 1999; Locke and Latham, 2002; Locke, et al., 1984; Seijts and Latham 2001).