Gamification is when game design elements (e.g. points, leader boards, and badges) are used in non-game
contexts to promote user engagement (Attali & Arieli-Attali, 2015). According to engagement alliance (2015),
gamification leverages game design, loyalty program design, and behavioral economics to create the optimal context
for behavior change and successful outcomes. Gamification can also be used for the purpose of improving user
engagement and instruction (Kim, 2015).