A study examining binaural beat alterations on neuropsychological factors [18] found Theta (7 Hz) stimulation binaural beats to have a disadvantageous effect on memory in for the form of immediate recall of words, while an examination into the use of binaural beats as a potential treatment for anxiety failed to produce statistically significant results [19]. The use of downward frequency cycling binaural beats from Alpha to Delta as a treatment for insomnia [20] did find there was a significant increase in patient relaxation but suggested this may have been due to the calming music that typically accompanies commercially purchases binaural beat stimulation packages. A study into vigilance modulation using binaural beats by Lane et al. [21] found that Beta frequency binaural beats improved attention, resulting in participants correctly identifying more targets and fewer false alarms over a 30-minute period than those stimulated by Delta/Theta frequencies. Studies examining electromagnetic changes generated by binaural beat entrainment have yielded inconsistent results. Some [7], [16], [22], [23] have reported increases in spectral density at Theta frequency using both event related and steady state presentation methods, while others [8], [18] have failed to find evidence of the FFR using steady state presentation.